Geografie 1976, 81, 254-265
The Erosion by Running Water in the Basin of the Ondřejnice River (The Podbeskydská Pahorkatina Hillyland)
Soil as a very complicated dynamic system is damaged by exogenic factors and in many cases it is entirely degraded by the economic human activity. The main factor of degradation of soil fund in the humid areas is running water. The intensity of erosion by running water in the Flysch Carpathians varies according to relief, the manner of agricultural land-use and the character of rains and their intensities. The erosion by running water was investigated in the years 1973-1974 in a little basin of the Ondřejnice R. on the northern foot of the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mts. to the south of the town of Ostrava. Every day samples were taken in two pofiles of this basin for counting the whole amount of the load matter (in the vilages of Rychaltice and Stará Ves n. O.) their correlation to relief and hydrometeorological situation was also estimated. According to experimental equations of O. Stehlík (1970, 1971) the s. c. potential erosion and probable erosion for this area were reckoned. The data of probable erosion which are products of natural and anthropogenic factors were compared with real amount of solid matter in the Ondřejnice R. The difference between both numbers is only 19,3 % and this fact shows the practical possibility of the mathematical determining of the erosion processes. It was stated that with the dissection of the relief and the influence of man also rains and their intensities were very important in the amount of suspended matter. If precipitations are greater than 1 mm (and the snow was melting too), the carrying away of solid material during one year in the upper part of the basin of the Ondřejnice R. is 15 t/sq. km and the whole basin 13,3 t/sq. km (the whole area of basin is 99,4 sq. km). The contamporaneous erosion by running water in the investigated area does not seem to be great and it is possible to presuppose that the contemporary antierosional arrangement (esp. eld agricultural terraces) protect the soil sufficiently. To prevent a greater damage of the soil it must be urgent to observe the agrotechnical principles of cultivating the fields and the suitable pattern of agricultural vegetation.
